Japanese-American and Nikkei Museums in Japan

Compiled by Philbert Ono*, updated: July 5, 2011

Japan has a number of museums and exhibits covering the Japanese immigration to Hawai'i, North America, and South America. They are listed below. Most of the museums have an interesting story behind them. I haven't visited all of them, and most of the information below is based on the respective museum's Web site. If there is a museum or exhibit you know about and should also be listed here, please contact me with the info.

This page also includes the following:

• Past exhibitions which featured Japanese immigration.
• High-profile TV programs and other mass media in Japan which have featured nikkei.

Kanto Region (Eastern Japan)

Japanese Overseas Migration Museum 海外移住資料館, Yokohama

Japanese Overseas Migration Museum in Yokohama.

Japan's largest museum dedicated to the nikkei experience. A must-visit museum for all nikkei in Japan. There are permanent exhibitions explaining the immigration to Hawai'i, continental USA, and other countries especially South America. There are also changing or special exhibitions so it's worth visiting more than once. Besides exhibition rooms, the museum has a reference library (closed on Sun.) with a collection of 20,000 books and materials about Japan's immigration. It even has kami-shibai (picture card stories). You can browse through recent Japanese novels such as "Japanese-Americans 99 Years of Love." The museum also has a restaurant with an outdoor terrace (open 11:30 am - 1:30 pm, 5:30 pm - 9 pm). The museum is operated by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) which is Japan's version of the Peace Corps. Unfortunately, their Web site is not in English (except for the map and directions), but there is a pamphlet in English which you can download here.

Address:
Japanese Overseas Migration Museum, Yokohama International Center, Akarenga Kokusaikan
Japan International Cooperation Agency
2-3-1, Shinko, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 231-0001 JAPAN
〒231-0001神奈川県横浜市中区新港 2-3-1　赤レンガ国際館　JICA横浜　海外移住資料館

Phone: 045-663-3257 Fax: 045-211-1781

Web site: http://www.jomm.jp/ Email: info@jomm.jp

Directions: Located near the Aka Renga Red Brick Warehouses and Yokohama World Porters. Short walk from JR Sakuragicho Station (Keihin-Tohoku Line) and Bashamichi Station (Minato-mirai Line) Map: http://www.jica.go.jp/english/contact/domestic/map/yokohama.html

Hours: 10 am - 5 pm (enter by 4:30 pm), closed Mon. (open if a national holiday and closed on Tue. instead) and Dec. 29-Jan. 3.

Admission: Free

Other info: Download the museum's pamphlets (PDF) | English pamphlet

Robert Walker Irwin Summer Residence ロバート W. アルウイン別邸, Ikaho, Gunma

Preserved summer residence of Robert W. Irwin in Ikaho, Gunma

In the 19th century, Ikaho Spa was a popular summer retreat among the political and social elite. One of them was Robert Walker Irwin who spent his summers at his villa in Ikaho with his Japanese wife and children. Irwin was an American businessman from Philadelphia, PA who was later appointed by Hawai'i's King Kalakaua as the Hawaiian Minister to Japan. He negotiated for and oversaw the kan'yaku Japanese immigration to Hawaii during 1885-1894. Part of his summer villa has been moved and preserved at its present location near the foot of the Ikaho Stone Steps. It is now a small history museum for the Irwin family and Japanese immigration to Hawaii. Ikaho (now part of the city of Shibukawa) also has sister-city relations with Hilo, Hawaii. Mementos and artifacts from this relationship are also displayed and Ikaho's annual Ikaho Merrie Monarch Hawaiian Festival in Aug. is held as part of its sister-city activities.

Address:
Ikaho 29−5, Ikaho-cho
Shibukawa, Gunma JAPAN
〒群馬県渋川市伊香保町伊香保29−5

Phone: 0279-52-2102, Fax: 0279-52-4008

Web site: http://www.city.shibukawa.gunma.jp/kankou/rekishi/koushibettei.html Email: https://www.city.shibukawa.gunma.jp/cgi-bin/simple_faq/form.cgi

Directions: Located near the foot of the Stone Steps in central Ikaho. Map: http://www.jica.go.jp/english/contact/domestic/map/yokohama.html

Hours: 8:30 am - 5 pm, closed Dec. 25-29

Admission: Free

Other info: Robert W. Irwin by Philbert Ono | Photos of museum | Ikaho Merrie Monarch Hawaiian Festival photos

National Museum of Japanese History 国立歴史民俗博物館, Sakura, Chiba

Entrance to ''Japanese Immigrants in the United States and the War Era'' exhibition in the National Museum of Japanese History in 2011.

Opened in 1983, the National Museum of Japanese History is a large museum in a large park in the city of Sakura which is on the way to Narita Airport. It traces the entire history, archaeology, and folklore of Japan from the Stone Age. From March 2010 to April 2011, the museum held a special exhibition called Japanese Immigrants in the United States and the War Era (アメリカに渡った日本人と戦争の時代). The exhibition showed the impact of the war on the Japanese immigrants in the US, especially the Seattle area. The medium-size exhibition room had some artifacts from that era procured mainly from the Seattle area. The museum also held lectures inside the exhibition room and in the museum hall. An exhibition catalog is also available at the museum shop while supplies last. Although the exhibition is over, a visit to this impressive museum is worthwhile. Allow at least 2 hours in the museum or all day if you like to read everything.

Address:
117 Jonai-cho
Sakura, Chiba 285-8502 JAPAN
〒285-8502 千葉県佐倉市城内町 117

Phone: 043-486-0123, Fax:

Web site: http://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/english/index.html Email:

Directions: Take the Keisei Electric Railway to Keisei Sakura Station (approx. 55 minutes from Ueno; 20 min. from Narita Airport). Walk fifteen minutes or take a taxi for 5-min. ride.

Hours: Weekdays: 9:30 a.m.–4:00 p.m. (enter by 3:30 p.m.), Weekends/national holidays: 9:30 a.m.–5:00 p.m. (enter by 4:30 p.m.), closed Mon. and December 27 to January 4

Admission: 420 yen

Other info: Exhibition English pamphlet | Japanese page

Chubu Region (Central Japan)

Museum Meiji Mura 博物館明治村, Inuyama, Aichi

Japanese Immigrant's Assembly Hall from Hilo, Hawai'i at Meiji Mura.

Well-known outdoor architectural museum with over 60 Meiji-Period (1868-1912) buildings preserved in a spacious, park-like setting. Meiji Mura was opened in 1965 by two men who wanted to save precious buildings slated for demolition. Most of the buildings have been moved here from all over Japan, but three buildings came from overseas. The three buildings from overseas are related to Japanese immigration:

• Japanese Immigrant's Assembly Hall ハワイ移民集会所 - Originally built as a church next to Wailuku River in Hilo, Hawai'i at around 1889 by Okabe Jiro (岡部次郎), a Christian minister. It was built for the Japanese immigrants. After serving its time as a church, the building became an assembly hall for local Japanese Christians. Then it became a warehouse for a Hilo-based English newspaper called Tribune Herald. This was when the building was dramatically remodeled with the addition of a second floor. It was used until 1968. When the building was moved to Meiji Mura, it was restored to its original state based on old photos of the original building. The white picket fence around it and the small arch bridge leading to the front door were also reconstructed. It is now a simple, single-story rectangular building with only one room, looking more like a church. The Hawaiian flag and other things are displayed inside. One characteristic is the building's high floor, probably to avoid any high waters from the river and high humidity. Since it rains a lot in Hilo, it was often muddy around the building, so the small arch bridge was used to enter the front door. On the left of the building is a bell that was rung to wake up the Japanese laborers at 4:30 am, to start work at 6 am, to signal a 30-min. lunch break, and to end the 10-hour working day at 4:30 pm. The bell was a dreadful memory for the immigrant laborers.
• Japanese Evangelical Church シアトル日系福音教会 - Originally built around 1907 in Seattle, Washington as a residence for an American. It was built with mass-produced lumber, using the common 2x4 wooden construction. In the 1930s, the house was acquired by a Japanese immigrant after toiling long and hard for years. However, during World War II, the Japanese owner was forced to give up the house and move to an internment camp. After the war, the house was used as a church for the issei immigrants. The church was later closed due to the dwindling number of issei members and was moved to Meiji Mura. It has been restored and you can see inside the small church.
• Japanese Immigrant's House ブラジル移民住宅 - The Japanese started immigrating to South America en masse from 1908 when immigration to the US was greatly restricted. In Brazil, they worked on coffee fields near Sao Paulo. During the peak immigration years of the 1930s, over 20,000 Japanese immigrated to South America annually. This house from Registro Sao Paulo, Brazil, was built in 1919 in a thick forest by Japanese carpenters. The locality's hard wood and Japanese-style construction were used. It even had a veranda on the second floor and Spanish-style roof tiles. A blend of Japanese and Brazilian construction.

Address:
Uchiyama 1, Inuyama, Aichi 484-0000
〒484-0000　愛知県犬山市内山1番地

Phone: 0568-67-0314　FAX：0568-67-0358

Web site: http://www.meijimura.com/english/index.html

Directions: From JR Nagoya Station, walk to Meitetsu Nagoya Station and take the Meitetsu Inuyama Line to Meitetsu Inuyama Station (30 min.). Go out the East Exit (Higashi-guchi) and take a bus bound for "Meiji Mura," taking 20 min. (Buses run 2 or 3 times per hour.)

Hours: 9:30 am - 5 pm (closed 4 pm during Nov. to Feb.), closed Dec. 31, closed every Mon. during Dec.-Feb. (open if a national holiday and open on New Year's).

Admission: 1,600 yen for adults, 1,000 for high school students (student ID required), 600 yen for elementary and junior high school students (free admission on Sat.), 1,200 yen for age 65 and older (proof of age required). Annual pass (Nenkan passport) for unlimited entry available for 3,000 yen for adults, 2,000 yen for high school students, 1,000 yen for elementary and junior high school students, 2,000 yen for age 65 and up.

Other info: Parking available. Pets are not allowed except for seeing-eye dogs. Pets can be kept in unwatched cages provided at the entrance. Baby strollers (200 yen rental) and wheelchairs (free) are available at the entrance. Bicycles, roller skates, etc., are not allowed. If time allows, visiting Inuyama Castle (National Treasure) from Meitetsu Inuyama Station is highly recommended.

Kansai Region

America-mura Canada Museum (Canada Shiryokan) アメリカ村カナダ資料館, Wakayama

Mio, Cape Hinomisaki, Wakayama

In Mihama town on Cape Hinomisaki, there was a small fishing village called Mio. In the late Meiji Period, stories of salmon riches in Canada's Fraser River lured tens of Mio residents to immigrate to Canada every year. After World War II, some immigrants returned home and built Western-style homes. There were so many exotic-looking Western-style homes that Mio village came to be called "America-mura" (American Village). The Canada Museum is a Western-style building exhibiting the immigrants' life in Canada and eventual internment during the war. Also displayed are items they brought back from Canada like a sewing machine and phonograph. The museum roof has a lookout deck affording a fine panoramic view of the coast and ocean. The museum is in Hinosaki Park in Mio where you can also find related monuments, Hinosaki Lighthouse, and the Hinomisaki Kokuminshuku Lodge (日の岬国民宿舎).

Address:
Mio 2113, Mihama-cho
Hidaka-gun, Wakayama 644-0045 JAPAN
〒644-0045 和歌山県日高郡美浜町三尾2113

Phone: 0738-62-2326

Web site: No official Web site.

Directions: From JR Wakayama Station, take the Kisei Line (紀勢本線) to JR Gobo Station (御坊駅), taking about 63 min. by regular train (950 yen) or about 40 min. by Tokkyu express train (1,890 yen). From Gobo Station, take the Gobo Nankai Bus (御坊南海バス) bound for Hinomisaki Park (日の岬パーク) taking 26 min. and get off at Hinosaki Park. Walk for 2 min. to the museum. Google Map here.

Hours: 9 am - 5 pm, open every day

Admission: 100 yen

Other info: Info in Japanese | History of Mihama-Mio's Immigration in Japanese

National Museum of Ethnology 国立民族学博物館, Osaka

Bento to Mixed Plate exhibition in 2001 at National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka.

Huge national museum in central Osaka at the former site of Expo '70 in Suita, Osaka. Opened in 1977, the museum (nicknamed "Minpaku") is also a research institution for numerous researchers in ethnology. If you like foreign cultures, you should not miss visiting this museum. It has 255,000 items in its collection and about 12,000 of them are displayed. It is mind-boggling to see the diversity of human cultures. The museum library also has a collection of nikkei-related books.

In 2001, the museum held the memorable From Bento to Mixed Plate: Americans of Japanese Ancestry in Multicultural Hawai'i exhibition which originated in the U.S.

Address:
10-1 Senri Expo Park
Suita, Osaka 565-8511 JAPAN
〒565-8511大阪府吹田市千里万博公園10-1

Phone: 06-6876-2151 Fax: 06-6875-0401

Web site: http://www.minpaku.ac.jp/english/

Directions: The closest train station is Banpaku-Kinen-Koen Station on the Osaka Monorail (15-min. walk from the station). From Shin-Osaka Station, take the Kita-Osaka Kyuko subway to Senri Chuo Station (13-min. ride) where you transfer to the Osaka Monorail. Get off at Banpaku-Kinen-Koen Station (6-min. ride). Detailed directions at their English Web page.

Hours: 10:00 am -5:00 pm (enter by 4:30 pm), closed Wed., December 28 to January 4, and when there is bad weather.

Admission: 420 yen for adults, 250 yen for high school/college students, 110 yen for primary and junior high school students. Free admission on Saturday for primary school, junior high school, and high school students. Special exhibitions may require additional admission fees.

Other info:

Kobe Center for Overseas Migration and Cultural Interaction 神戸市立海外移住と文化の交流センター, Hyogo

Large, multi-purpose facility that includes exhibition rooms showing Kobe's history of Japanese immigration, especially to South America. Art studios, art gallery spaces, and meeting rooms are also provided for cultural exchange. It is also a consultation center for South American residents of Kobe. Operated by the city of Kobe, the facility opened on June 3, 2009 in the building that was formerly the Kobe Immigration Center (神戸移住センター) where Japanese immigrants stayed before traveling mainly to South America (especially Brazil) by boat. The center was used from 1928 to 1971 and it is Japan's only surviving building used for sending Japanese immigrants. A few of the old rooms used by the immigrants have been restored. Otherwise, there are numerous rooms for rent, including an event hall, meeting rooms, and gallery spaces. Within a few months after the center opened, it was visited by Crown Prince Hiro and former Prime Minister Jun'ichiro Koizumi. In Japanese, the museum is called "Kobe-shiritsu Kaigai Iju to Bunka no Koryu Center."

Address:
Yamamoto-dori 3-19-8
Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0003 JAPAN
〒650-0003 神戸市中央区山本通3丁目19番8号

Phone: 078-272-2362 Fax: 078-272-2210

Web site: http://www.kobe-center.jp/

Directions: 15-min. walk from JR Motomachi Station (East Exit) on the JR Tokaido/Kobe Line. Walk straight along Koikawa-suji road (鯉川筋). Or 10-min. walk from Kencho-mae Station on the subway line. From JR Shin-Kobe Station (shinkansen), 10-min. taxi ride. Map here.

Hours: 10:00 am -5:00 pm (enter by 4:30 pm), closed Mon. (open if a national holiday and closed on Tue. instead) and December 29 to January 3

Admission: Free

Other info:

Chugoku Region (Western Japan)

Museum of Japanese Emigration to Hawaii 日本ハワイ移民資料館, Yamaguchi

Opened on February 8, 1999, the Museum of Japanese Emigration to Hawaii (Nihon Hawai Imin Shiryokan) is on Yashiro-jima island in the Seto Inland Sea off the city of Yanai (柳井市) in Yamaguchi Prefecture. It is slightly west of Iwakuni along the coast. The museum was converted and restored from a large, two-story, Japanese-style private residence donated by the family of Fukumoto Choemon for the museum. During the first nine years of the Kanyaku immigration program beginning in 1885, almost 4,000 of the island's 70,000 residents left the island to immigrate to Hawai'i. The entire island is called Suo-Oshima town (current population around 20,000) and does not go by the island's old name of Yashiro-jima. The museum shows a collection of artifacts related to the Japanese immigration to Hawai'i, how the immigrants faced hardship and eventual success, and cultural exchanges between Japan and Hawai'i.

Address:
2144 Nishiyashiro, Suo-Oshima-cho
Oshima-gun, Yamaguchi 742-2103 JAPAN
〒742-2103 山口県大島郡周防大島町大字西屋代2144番地

Phone: 0820-74-4082

Web site: http://www.towatown.jp/hawaii/english/index.html Email: hawaii@town.suo-oshima.lg.jp

Directions: By shinkansen bullet train, get off at Shin-Iwakuni Station in Yamaguchi Prefecture. Take a train or bus to JR Iwakuni Station and take the Sanyo Line train to Obatake Station (大畠駅) taking about 26 min. From Obatake Station, take a minivan taxi to the museum taking about 18 min. Get off at the Yashiro-bashi bus stop, cross the bridge, then look up and see the Hawai'i and Japanese flags flying over a Japanese-style house which is the museum. The minivan taxi does not run so often from Obatake Station. A regular taxi should cost no more than 2,000 yen to the museum. Google Map link to museum | Japanese map here

Hours: 9:30 am - 4:30 pm, closed Mon. (open if a national holiday and closed on Tue. instead) and Dec. 29-Jan. 3.

Admission: 400 yen for adults, 200 yen for elementary to high school students

Other info: Photography not allowed inside the museum. The island is quite large, the third largest island in the Seto Inland Sea. It is shaped like a goldfish and quite scenic, especially along the northern coast. A bus ride along the coast would be enjoyable. The island also has hotels and other accommodations. The largest settlement is around the bridge connecting the island to the mainland.

Nihojima Mura 仁保島村, Hiroshima

Opened in 1997, the museum claims that it is Japan's first museum dedicated to the Japanese immigration to Hawai'i. It is in a Japanese-style building formerly used as a storehouse (kura). The museum mainly exhibits things brought back to Japan by the immigrants who went to Hawai'i. It also explains the immigrants' lives in Hawai'i and why so many from Hiroshima immigrated there. Unfortunately, the museum is not open to the general public. It is geared for groups of school children visiting by appointment. However, if you call and explain that you are a nikkei from Hawai'i, they might accept you.

The former Nihojima village where the museum is located has many families with ties to Japanese immigrants to Hawai'i. The museum director is Kawasaki Hiroshi, whose father immigrated to Hawai'i and worked as a steam locomotive engineer in the sugar plantations of Hilo, Hawai'i. Mr. Kawasaki has an older brother and four older sisters all born in Hawai'i and are American citizens. He is the only Japanese sibling, being born in Yokohama. During World War II, the family was split between Japan and America. He also had uncles and aunts who immigrated to Hawai'i and lived there permanently.

One of Mr. Kawasaki's uncles became a successful carpenter in Hawai'i who started his own construction company. He sent money back home and had a new Japanese-style house and kura storehouse built, probably preparing for his return to Japan. However, he remained in Hawai'i where his kids were born and the estate went to his nephew Mr. Kawasaki. The large kura storehouse that was built is now the museum. The kura was a symbol of success and Nihojima village once had as many as 160 kura built by hardworking immigrants in Hawai'i and the mainland US who sent money back home.

Address:
Niho 3-17-6
Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-0026
〒734-0026広島県広島市南区仁保3-17-6

Phone/Fax: (082) 286-6331

Web site: http://www.nihojimamura.com/

Directions: From JR Hiroshima Station, take the Sanyo Line train south to Mukainada Station (向洋駅), then take a taxi. Taking a taxi from Hiroshima Station is also possible. Google Map here.

Hours: By appointment only.

Admission: Free for elementary school groups.

Other info: The museum is not open to the public. Elementary school groups can visit the museum by appointment.

Japanese-Americans in Japan's Mass Media

Japan has had a few high-profile TV programs about Japanese Americans. However, these programs are for the Japanese audience and the cast always speak perfect Japanese. The main Japanese-American characters are also always played by native Japanese actors/actresses who just cannot speak English (or pidgin English) that well. We also do not see real Japanese-American actors/actresses in these programs so most Japanese Americans in Japan remain unconvinced.

• Sanga Moyu 山河燃ゆ - Year-long NHK Taiga Drama aired on NHK TV in 1984. The story followed the family of two brothers, one in Japan and one in the US before and during World War II. Starring Nishida Toshiyuki, Matsumoto Koshiro, Sawada Kenji, Ohara Reiko, Mifune Toshiro, and Agnes Chan. Based on the novel, Futatsu no Sokoku (二つの祖国) by Yamasaki Toyoko (山崎豊子).
• From Oregon, With Love (Oregon Kara Ai) オレゴンから愛 - TV series that ran for 13 episodes from Oct. to Dec. 1984 on Fuji TV. It followed a Japanese farming family who immigrated to Oregon and the story was told by the nine-year-old Akira writing letters to his sister back home in Japan. The popular series spawned an annual TV special until 1990 and two more times in 1992 and 1996. The series gave Oregon immense PR in Japan as it showed beautiful scenery of Oregon. Starring Furuya Ikko, Kinomi Nana, and Ishiwa Setsu. The haunting theme song was sung by Sada Masashi.
• Sakura さくら - Morning TV drama series that aired on NHK TV from April to Sept. 2002. The drama was about Sakura, a Hawai'i-born yonsei who had a sansei father and native Japanese mother. While still a student at the University of Hawaii, she works as an Assistant English Teacher at a junior high school in Hida, Gifu. Starring Takano Shiho and Nakamura Meiko.
• 99 Years of Love: Japanese Americans 99年の愛～JAPANESE AMERICANS～ - Mini TV series of five episodes aired by the Tokyo Broadcasting System (TBS) on November 3-7, 2010 to mark the 60th anniversary of TBS. It follows a family's immigration to America and their subsequent ordeals. Starring Kusanagi Tsuyoshi, Nakama Yukie, and Nakai Kiichi. Historically accurate, but an all-Japanese main cast means that they all spoke perfect Japanese.

Links

Museums outside Japan

• Japanese American National Museum - Los Angeles, California
• Japanese Cultural Center of Hawai‘i - Moiliili, Honolulu, Hawai'i. The facility has a permanent exhibition called, "Okage Sama De: I Am What I Am Because of You" showing the multi-generational history of the Japanese in Hawai‘i.
• Wakamatsu Tea and Silk Colony Project - Project to preserve the site of the first Japanese immigrants to America who came from Aizu-Wakamatsu in Fukushima Prefecture during the Boshin War in 1869. Also see California Rice Commission's support page and photos here.
• Japanese Canadian National Museum - Burnaby, BC, Canada.
• Nikkei Place - National Nikkei Heritage Centre and the Japanese Canadian National Museum in Burnaby, BC, Canada.
• Hawaii's Plantation Village - Outdoor history museum about Hawaii's Sugar Plantations. Waipahu, Oahu, Hawaii.
• The Alexander & Baldwin Sugar Museum - Puunene, Maui, Hawaii
• Japanese American Museum of San Jose - In San Jose, California.
• From Bento to Mixed Plate: Americans of Japanese Ancestry in Multicultural Hawai`i - Major exhibition held at the Bishop Museum in Hawai'i, California, and Japan.

Organizations

• Japanese Cultural Center of Hawai‘i - Moiliili, Honolulu, Hawai'i
• Hawaii Okinawa Center - Home of the Hawaii United Okinawa Association in Waipahu, Oahu, Hawaii.
• Japanese American Citizens League - Working for the rights of Japanese-Americans.
• The Association of Nikkei & Japanese Abroad （財）海外日系人協会 (Kaigai Nikkeijin Kyokai) - Based in JICA offices in Yokohama.
• National Japanese American Historical Society - Based in San Francisco, California.
• Hokule'a voyage to Japan in 2007 - Celebration of Hawai'i-Japan ties by Polynesian Voyaging Society.
• Japanese Cultural & Community Center of Northern California - In San Francisco, California.
• Japanese American Community and Cultural Center - In Los Angeles, California.
• Nanka Kenjinkai Kyogikai 南加県人会協議会 - Association of kenjin-kai in southern California. English introduction to Nanka Kenjinkai Kyogikai.
• Honpa Hongwanji Mission of Hawai'i - Honolulu-based headquarters of 36 Jodo Shinshu Nishi Hongwanji temples in Hawai'i.
• Buddhist Churches of America - San Francisco-based headquarters of Jodo Shinshu Nishi Hongwanji temples in mainland USA.
• Jodo Shinshu Buddhist Temples of Canada - Vancouver-based headquarters of Jodo Shinshu Nishi Hongwanji temples in Canada.
• Federação das Associações de Províncias do Japão no Brasil (Kenren) - Association of Japanese-Brazilians.

Newspapers and Mass Media

• The Rafu Shimpo - Los Angeles-based newspaper for the Japanese-American community.
• Discover Nikkei - To connect with others and share the Nikkei experience. Project of Japanese American National Museum.
• Nichi Bei - Japanese-American News and Culture.
• Samurai of Gold Hill - Documentary project about the Wakamatsu Tea and Silk Colony by film director Brian Maeda.
• Hawaii Hochi - Honolulu-based, Japanese- and English-language newspaper.

Other Resources

• Japanese American National Library - In San Francisco, California. The only national Japanese American resource center dedicated to collecting and preserving primary and secondary source materials on Japanese Americans.
• World War II Internment in Hawaii - Resource site compiled by the Japanese Cultural Center of Hawai‘i.
• Japanese American at Wikipedia - In English

＊ Contributors to this page also include Michael Takashita.